Oral Cancer
Oral cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), accounts for over 90% of malignant tumors affecting the oral cavity and oropharynx. A major contributing factor is the synergistic effect of tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption, both of which significantly elevate cancer risk. In specific regions such as the Indian subcontinent, the incidence is notably higher due to tobacco chewing practices.
The World Health Organization (WHO) Working Group has undertaken efforts to standardize histopathological terminology for describing precursor lesions across the head and neck region, enhancing diagnostic consistency and communication across disciplines.
While there has been substantial progress in understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms driving the transition from precancerous lesions to invasive carcinomas, these insights have not yet been fully translated into targeted or novel therapeutic approaches. Continued research is essential to bridge the gap between molecular discoveries and clinical applications.
Oral cancer remains a global public health challenge, emphasizing the need for:
- Enhanced public awareness and prevention programs,
- Early screening and diagnosis, especially in high-risk populations,
- Development of molecular-based therapies and personalized treatment strategies.